〔Abstract〕 Neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer′s disease, Parkinson′s disease, Huntington′s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and other disease. There are many causes of neurodegenerative diseases, and the pathogenesis is not entirely clear. Currently, most scholars believe that the occurrence of diseases is closely related to mitochondria. Mitochondrial quality control includes the production, fusion, division, and clearance of mitochondria. Abnormal mitochondrial quality control affects the function of neurons and nerve fibers, leading to the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases. The author elaborates on the relationship between mitochondria and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, providing a basis for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.