〔Abstract〕 Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) , the most prevalent type of lung cancer , has a poor prognosis in patients with advanced disease . In recent years , immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated promising efficacy in this disease , while bringing a unique set of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) . This article com- prehensively explores the multi-systemic irAEs of programmed death protein-1 ( PD-1) /programmed death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors in the treatment of NSCLC , including but not limited to dermatotoxicity , endocrine toxicity , hepatic toxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity . The occurrence of these adverse reactions not only poses a challenge for clinical treatment , but also correlates with treatment efficacy . In addition , the paper discusses bio- markers for predicting the risk of irAEs , such as gut microbiota , blood biomarkers , etc . , with the aim of providing a potential risk assessment tool for the clinic .