〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the expression of uteroglobin-related protein 1(UGRP1) in thyroid cells induced by interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and its correlation with Fas/FasL mediated apoptosis. Methods Control group, IL-1β group and IL-1β+anti-FasL antibody group were established, rat thyroid cells(FRTL-5 cells) were culturedin vitro. The expression levels of UGRP1 and Fas mRNA of each group were detected by real-time PCR and the apoptosis rate of each group was detected by flow cytometry. Results Compared with control group, the mRNA expression levels of UGRP1 and Fas in IL-1β group and IL-1β+anti-FasL antibody group increased, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Compared with control group, the early apoptosis rate of thyroid cells in IL-1β group increased(7.49%±1.91%vs28.46%±3.17%), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001). Compared with IL-1β group, the early apoptosis rate of thyroid cells in IL-1β+anti-FasL antibody group decreased(28.46%±3.17%vs19.20%±1.75%), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Compared with IL-1β group, the expression levels of UGRP1 mRNA(2.22±0.31vs2.66±0.28) and Fas mRNA(2.75±0.18vs3.03±0.16) in IL-1β+anti-FasL antibody group were not significantly different(P>0.05). Conclusion IL-1β induces the high expression of UGRP1 and Fas and apoptosis of thyroid cells, the high expression of UGRP1 is not associated with Fas/FasL mediated apoptosis.