〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognostic factors of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma(PGIL). Methods Clinical data of 216 patients with PGIL diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy or surgical pathology were collected, and clinical characteristics, endoscopic manifestations and their effects on prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results The average age of 216 patients with PGIL was 57.94 years and the ratio of male to female was 1.37 ∶1. There was no specific clinical symptoms. Lesions tended to occur in the stomach, followed by ileocecal region, ileum, colon, jejunum, rectum and duodenum. 23.15% cases invaded multiple parts of the digestive tract. The three most common pathological types were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)( 69.4%), mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma(MALT)(13.0%) and mantle cell lymphoma(MCL)(6.0%). Primary gastric lymphoma(PGL) and primary intestinal lymphoma(PIL) had statistical differences in gender, Lugano staging and the depth of lesion(P<0.05). Endoscopic characteristics were not significantly different between DLBCL, MALT lymphoma and MCL in PGL, which were mostly ulcerative-type. In PIL,DLBCL mostly presented as protuberant but MCL was more inclined to be polypoid. Univariate analysis showed the age>60 years, low albumin(Alb), high beta-2 microglobulin(β2-MG) and lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) levels, Lugano staging IIE and Ⅳ, tumor size ≥10 cm, breaking through serosa, and T/NK cell lymphoma suggested poor prognosis of PGIL. Multivariate analysis showed that age and Lugano staging were independent factors for the prognosis of PGIL. Conclusion PGIL is more common in middle-aged and elderly men, usually in the stomach and ileocecal region. DLBCL is the most common pathological type. Under endoscopy, PGL tends to be ulcerative and PIL is mostly protuberant. PIL has different endoscopic manifestations according to different pathologic types. Age, Alb, β2-MG, LDH, Lugano staging, tumor size and depth,histological subtype are all factors affecting the prognosis of PGIL.