〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the correlation between plasma orexin-A and leptin levels and obesity in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia. Methods A total of 322 subjects were included, who met the diagnostic criteria of ICD-10 for schizophrenia. The 30-items positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS-30) was used to evaluate the clinical symptoms of patients. The plasma orexin-A and leptin concentrations of the patients were determined by the ELISA method, and all data were analyzed by SPSS(version16.0). Results Compared to inpatients without obesity, the levels of plasma orexin-A and leptin were significantly higher(P=0.012,P<0.001) respectively. BMI of inpatients with obesity was positively correlated with orexin-A(r=0.22,P<0.001), leptin(r=0.57,P<0.001), triglyceride(TG)(r=0.41,P<0.001) and low density lipoprotein(LDL-C)(r=0.17,P=0.002), and negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein(HDL-C)(r=-0.23,P<0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that high levels of leptin(OR=1.532, 95%CI: 1.260～1.846,P<0.001), orexin-A(OR=1.271, 95%CI: 1.026～1.575,P=0.028) and TG(OR=1.253, 95%CI: 1.029～1.525,P=0.025) were risk factors of obesity in patients with schizophrenia, while higher level of HDL-C(OR=0.207, 95%CI: 0.058～0.739,P=0.015) was a protective factor of obesity. Conclusion High levels of orexin-A, leptin and triglyceride may be risk factors of obesity in hospitalized patient with chronic schizophrenia.