〔Abstract〕 Objective To explore the relationship of two single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs), rs150846 and rs8065080, of TRPV1 gene with childhood asthma of Kazakh and Han in Xinjiang. Methods The participants enrolled were 99 inpatients and outpatients(case group) who received treatment of Pediatrics, including 52 Kazakhs and 47 Hans. 77 healthy controls(control group) underwent physical examination, including 39 Kazakhs and 38 Hans. All the children were taken 2 ml of peripheral venous blood, and DNA of the blood sample was extracted. The Massarray SNP typing technique was used to detect the polymorphisms of TRPV1 gene in peripheral venous blood cells. Results ① The patterns of genotype and allele frequencies of rs150846 at the TRPV1 locus had statistical difference between the groups(P<0. 05),but the patterns of genotype and allele frequencies of rs8065080 at the TRPV1 locus did not differ significantly between the groups(P>0.05). ② Among the Kazakh population, the patterns of genotype and allele frequencies of rs150846 at the TRPV1 locus had statistical difference between the groups(P<0.05). The allele A of rs150846 had a 1.941-fold(95%CI:1.037～3.636) increased risk of developing asthmatic diseases compared with those who had allele G. But the patterns of genotype and allele frequencies of rs8065080 at the TRPV1 locus did not differ significantly between the groups(P>0.05).③ Among the Han population, the patterns of genotype and allele frequencies of rs150846 and rs8065080 at the TRPV1 locus did not differ significantly between the groups(P>0.05). Conclusion The rs150846 gene polymorphism of TRPV1 gene could be associated with susceptibility to childhood asthma of Kazakh in Xinjiang.