〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the role and significance of La-related protein 1(LARP1) in gallbladder cancer progression. Methods We selected 76 cases of gallbladder cancer tissue specimens underwent radical cholecystectomy, 27 cases of gallbladder adenoma tissue specimens underwent cholecystectomy, and 21 cases of gallbladder tissue specimens underwent hepatectomy and cholecystectomy for hepatic hemangioma. The expression level of LARP1 in paraffin samples was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the difference of LARP1 expression in tissue samples of three groups was statistically analyzed, as well as the relationship between LARP1 andclinicopathological data and prognosis of patients with gallbladder cancer. Results ① The average optical density of LARP1 expression in three groups of non-disease gallbladder, gallbladder adenoma and gallbladder cancer were 0.166(0.157,0.192), 0.219(0.185,0.281) and 0.294(0.217,0.368), respectively. There was significant difference in average optical density of LARP1 expression among three groups(χ2=48.076,P≤0.001). There were statistically significant differences between the gallbladder cancer group and the gallbladder adenoma group or the gallbladder non-disease group(P<0.001), and there was statistically significant difference between the gallbladder adenoma group and the gallbladder non-disease group(Z=-3.118,P=0.002). ② The expression level of LARP1 in advanced(TNM Ⅱ-ⅢB) gallbladder cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in early(TNM 0-Ⅰ) gallbladder cancer tissues(Z=-2.361,P=0.018), and the expression level of LARP1 in gallbladder cancer tissues was correlated with the histological grade of the tumor(Z=-2.849,P=0.004). ③ The complete follow-up data were obtained for 52 patients with gallbladder cancer. Further Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the postoperative survival period of the LARP1 high-expression subgroup in the gallbladder cancer group was significantly shorter than that of the LARP1 low-expression subgroup(Log Rank=7.132,P=0.008). The survival time of progress(TNM stage Ⅱ-ⅢB) gallbladder cancer subgroup was obviously shorter than the early(TNM stage 0-Ⅰ) gallbladder subgroup(Log Rank=18.972,P<0.001). Furthermore, univariate and multivariate analyses showed that LARP1 expression level was an independent prognostic factor for patients with gallbladder cancer [HR=2.552, 95%CI(1.235,5.271),P=0.011]. Conclusion The expression of LARP1 in non-disease gallbladder, gallbladder adenoma and gallbladder cancer shows a progressive increase. The expression level of LARP1 is positively correlated with gallbladder cancer TNM stage and tissue grade. The expression level of LARP1 is correlated with the prognosis of gallbladder cancer patients.