〔Abstract〕 Objective To compare acute ulcerative colitis(UC) model induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) at 1.5% and 3.0% concentrations and obtain a cost-effective modeling scheme with low mortality. Methods C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group, 1.5% and 3.0%DSS group.The mice in control group drank sterilized water and the mice in each group of DSS drank the corresponding concentration of DSS solution, all mice were treated for 7 days.And all mice drank sterilized water on day 8 to 14.The blood stool of mice was observed and the disease activity index, the percentage of body weight loss and the percent of survival of mice were calculated on day 1 to 14.Mice were sacrificed on day 8.The spleen index was calculated and the length of colon was measured; HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of colon; The expressions of tight junction protein Claudin-1 and Occludin in colon tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry; Immunofluorescence detected the ratio of macrophage in colon tissue; Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in serum and colon tissue homogenates were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with the control group, both mice of 1.5%DSS group and mice of 3.0%DSS group showed similar clinical and pathological features to human UC;The colon lengths were both shortened(P<0.01);The expressions of Claudin-1 and Occludin in colon tissue both decreased(P<0.01);Spleen index increased(P<0.01);The proportion of macrophages in colon tissue increased(P<0.01);Levels of TNF-α in serum and colon tissue homogenates both increased(P<0.01).The percent of survival of 1.5%DSS mice within 14 days was higher than that of 3.0%DSS mice. Conclusion The acute UC model can be established efficiently and economically by giving 1.5% concentration of DSS solution in mice for 7 days.