〔Abstract〕 Objective To study the effects of mitochondrial division inhibitor(Mdivi-1) on behavior, dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1) and equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1(ENT1) proteins in hippocampus of epileptic rats. Methods Twenty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, DMSO group and Mdivi-1 group(5 rats in each group). Behavioral changes of rats in each group were observed, and brain tissue structure changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The DRP1 expression in hippocampus of rats was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Changes of DRP1 and ENT1 proteins in hippocampus of rats in each group were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with model group or DMSO group, the latency of epileptic seizures in Mdivi-1 group increased and the frequency of epileptic seizures decreased(P<0.05). The results of electron microscopy showed that the epilepsy group had partial disintegration of inner and outer membranes, obvious destruction and swelling of mitochondria, while the mdivi-1 group had less damage. Immunohistochemical results showed that the number of DRP1 positive cells in hippocampus increased in model group while decreased in Mdivi-1 group(P<0.05). Immunofluorescence showed that DRP1 was expressed in hippocampal neurons. Western blot results showed that the expression of ENT1 and DRP1 protein in DMSO and model group was higher than that in normal control group,while the expression of ENT1 and DRP1 protein in Mdivi-1 group was lower(P<0.05). Conclusion Mdivi-1 can restrain DRP1 and regulate the dynamic balance of mitochondria,thus affecting the expression of ENT1,which has neuroprotective effect on hippocampal neurons.