〔Abstract〕 Objective To observe the protective effect of pretreatment with rosiglitazone(RSG) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute kidney injury(AKI) and explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism. Methods Thirty-two male ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups: Control group, RSG group, LPS group,RSG+LPSgroup. In LPS group, mice were intraperitoneally injected with single dose of LPS(2 mg/kg). In RSG+LPS group, mice were pretreated with RSG(10 mg/kg) at 72, 48, 24 and 1 h before LPS injection. All mice were sacrificed 6 h after LPS injection. Kidneys and sera were collected. Some kidneys were used for HE staining. Serum inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA. The expression of renal inflammatory cytokines was analyzed using real-time RT-PCR. Renal NF-κB p65 phosphorylation was measured through Western blot. Results RSG pretreatment ameliorated LPS-induced acute kidney injury and inflammatory cell infiltration. Moreover,RSG pretreatment inhibited LPS-induced elevation of serum KC and TNF-α． In addition,RSG pretreatment alleviated LPS-induced upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines( TNF-α and IL-1β) and chemokines( KC and Mcp-1). Finally,RSG pretreatment suppressed LPS-induced renal NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. Conclusion RSG protects against LPSinduced acute kidney injury through inhibiting renal inflammation.