〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the factors related to the depression of couples preparing for assisted reproduction, and to evaluate whether depression is related to the live birth rate. Methods Based on China National Birth Cohort, the center for epidemiological survey(CES-D) was used to evaluate depression among the couples undergoingin vitrofertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI), and live birth rate were calculated. Results A total of 424 undergoing assisted reproductive couples were enrolled in this study. There were 33.0% of the female patients with depression, and 25.9% of the male cases with depression. Education level was the influencing factor of depression in female patients. Female patients with high education level were more likely to have depression than those with low education level, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Male patients who do not drink alcohol were more likely to be depression(P<0.05). The result of logistic regression analysis showed that the depression of couples undergoing assisted reproduction was not related to live birth rate. Conclusion Higher education is a risk factor for depression of female patients. Male patients who do not drink are more prone to depression. This study does not suggest that depression of assisted reproductive couples had any influence on the live birth rate. Follow-up studies should focus on alleviating the problem of infertility treatment.