〔Abstract〕 Objective To observe the effects of brain-computer interface-controlled pedal training system on balance function and serum interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) levels in ischemic stroke patients. Methods Forty patients with ischemic stroke who were hospitalized from September 2022 to September 2023 were selected as observation subjects.The patients were equally divided into stroke control group and stroke experimental group according to the random number table method.At the same time, 20 healthy subjects with similar gender and age were recruited as the healthy control group to collect relevant plantar pressure data.Patients in the stroke control group received conventional rehabilitation training including the upper and lower extremity active and passive motor training system, and the stroke experimental group replaced the upper and lower extremity active and passive motor training system in the stroke control group with the brain-computer interface-controlled pedal training system for rehabilitation treatment, and other things remained unchanged.Bilateral plantar pressure symmetry index(SI) and center of body pressure(COP) swing area were collected from both groups of stroke patients with eyes open and closed using the plantar pressure assessment system before and after 4 weeks of treatment.Fugl-meyer lower extremity motor function score(FMA-LE) and berg balance scale(BBS) were used to evaluate the two groups of stroke patients.Serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were also compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results (1) The SI value and COP swing area in the eyes open and closed state improved in both groups of stroke patients after treatment compared with that before admission, and the results of the stroke experimental group were better than those of the stroke control group(P<0.05),but there was still a gap with the healthy control group(P<0.05).(2) The BBS and FMA-LE scores of stroke patients in both groups were higher after treatment than before treatment, and the scores of the stroke experimental group were greater than those of the stroke control group, with statistically significant differences(allP<0.05).(3) Serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels decreased in both groups of stroke patients after treatment compared with before, and the degree of decrease in serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the stroke experimental group was greater than that in the stroke control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001,P<0.05). Conclusion Brain-computer interface-controlled pedal training system has a facilitating effect on the recovery of balance function in hemiplegic patients with ischemic stroke, and its mechanism may be related to the reduction of serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels.