〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the effect of environmental enrichment on cognitive impairment and hippocampus GAP-43 changes induced by exposure to obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) during the period of late pregnancy in mice, and to explore relative inflammatory pathway mechanism. Methods The experimental group of C57BL/6J pregnant mice were exposed to an intermittent hypoxic environment for 7 consecutive days starting from gestational day 15. The corresponding offspring were then placed in an enriched environment from postnatal day 21 to 2 months of age(designated as OSAHS+EE group) or in a normal environment(designated as OSAHS group). Pregnant mice in the control group were maintained in a normal oxygen environment, and their corresponding offspring were placed in an enriched environment(designated as Control+EE group) or a normal environment(designated as Control group) at the same ages. The spatial learning and memory ability of the mice was assessed by Morris water maze at the age of 2 months. The mRNA levels of NF-kB, NLRP3 and GAP-43 in the hippocampus were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the protein levels of NLRP3 and GAP-43 in the hippocampus were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with Control group, the swimming distance increased(P